People and lawmakers gathered at the National Assembly in Seoul, South Korea, on December 4, 2024, holding signs in protest against President Yoon's unexpected declaration of martial law. The rally also called for his resignation following the controversial move. Reuters
South Korea plunged into political turmoil after President Yoon Suk Yeol declared martial law late Tuesday, only to rescind the decision hours later. The unprecedented move led lawmakers from opposition parties to demand his impeachment, marking one of the nation’s most significant political crises in decades.
Yoon's martial law declaration, made during a televised address, cited threats from North Korea and pro-North forces as justification. He emphasized the need to protect South Korea's constitutional order but failed to provide specific evidence. The announcement triggered chaos as armed troops stormed the National Assembly in Seoul, smashing windows to gain entry. Parliament quickly rejected the declaration, with all 190 attending members, including 18 from Yoon’s party, unanimously voting to lift martial law.
The aftermath was equally dramatic. Protesters outside the parliament cheered and chanted, celebrating their victory over the controversial measure. However, tensions remain high as the country braces for more demonstrations. South Korea’s largest union, the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions, announced plans for a strike demanding Yoon’s resignation.
Lawmakers from opposition parties are now fast-tracking an impeachment proposal. Hwang Un-ha, a coalition member, urged swift action to suspend the president's authority. "Parliament must immediately act to pass the impeachment bill," he said.
The ruling People Power Party, grappling with internal dissent, called for Defense Minister Kim Yong-hyun’s dismissal and the resignation of the entire cabinet. Despite lifting martial law, Yoon faces accusations of treason from senior opposition leaders who argue his actions have undermined democracy. "He cannot avoid treason charges," said Park Chan-dae, a prominent opposition lawmaker.
If impeachment proceeds, a two-thirds parliamentary vote is required to suspend Yoon, followed by a constitutional court trial. Should Yoon be removed, Prime Minister Han Duck-soo would assume interim leadership until new elections are held within 60 days.
The crisis has not only shaken South Korea’s domestic politics but also raised international concerns. The United States, a key ally with 28,500 troops stationed in South Korea, welcomed Yoon’s reversal. U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken called for peaceful resolutions and adherence to the rule of law. The turmoil also disrupted planned defense talks and joint military exercises between the two countries.
The financial sector has felt the impact as well. Stock markets dipped 2%, and the South Korean won hit a two-year low before stabilizing after suspected government intervention. Emergency measures were announced to inject liquidity into the financial system to prevent further instability.
President Yoon’s approval ratings, already at historic lows of around 20%, have taken another hit. His administration has struggled since a narrow election victory in 2022, following allegations of economic mismanagement and scandals. This latest episode has led many to question his ability to govern effectively.
South Korea, a thriving democracy since the 1980s, has a history of martial law declarations, but this recent incident has left many citizens anxious about the future.
