This image provided by the UW/Fred Hutch Cancer Center Breast Imaging in October 2024 shows mammogram scans with dense and not dense tissue. (UW/Fred Hutch Cancer Center Breast Imaging via AP). The Canadian Press
When a woman gets a mammogram, the primary concern is whether there are signs of breast cancer. The second key finding is the density of her breasts.
Since early September, a new U.S. regulation requires mammography centers to inform women about their breast density, though some states already had similar rules in place.
Here’s why breast density matters.
Is breast density harmful?
No, dense breasts are not harmful. In fact, it’s quite common. Around 40% of women aged 40 and above have dense breasts. Breast density isn’t linked to breast firmness, and women of any shape or size can have dense breasts. It’s only a concern when it comes to breast cancer screening, explained Dr. Ethan Cohen of MD Anderson Cancer Center.
With the new rule, Dr. Cohen expects many women will have questions or turn to online searches. He reassures women not to panic over dense breast findings.
How is breast density measured?
Doctors use a system to classify breast density into four categories. The least dense category indicates mostly fatty tissue, while the densest category shows mainly glandular and fibrous tissue.
Breasts are considered dense if they fall into the “heterogeneously dense” or “extremely dense” categories. The classification can vary, as it’s somewhat subjective, according to Dr. Brian Dontchos of Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center.
Why are dense breasts significant?
Two reasons: Dense breast tissue makes it harder to spot cancer on a mammogram because both dense tissue and cancer appear white, making detection tricky. Additionally, women with dense breasts are at a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer, as cancer tends to develop in glandular and fibrous tissue. However, women with dense breasts are no more likely to die from breast cancer than others.
What should you do if you have dense breasts?
Consult your doctor about your family’s cancer history and whether additional screenings like ultrasounds or MRIs are necessary, advised Dr. Georgia Spear of Endeavor Health/NorthShore University Health System.
Do mammograms still matter?
Yes. Women with dense breasts should continue regular mammograms, which remain the best tool for early cancer detection. Some may also benefit from additional tests.
Will insurance cover extra screenings?
It depends on the insurance provider, though a bill is being introduced to require coverage for women with dense breasts. However, additional screening costs, ranging from $250 to $1,000, may pose a financial barrier for some.
